Money and Federalism Essay example

Money and Federalism Essay example Money and Federalism Essay example Money and Federalism Interdependence of sectors of society compelled government to take larger role. Another factor: Federal government has a superior ability to tax and borrow. Why? Why? States and localities are in an inherently competitive situation with regard to taxation. People and business can move to another state or locality. National government dependent on personal and corporate income tax. State and localities: license fees and property taxes. Federal Government and Money Can raise more taxes than do all the 50 states. Can control the American dollar (the Federal Reserve). Can borrow money to cover its deficits. States and localities can go bankrupt - harder to find credit. Fiscal Federalism Federal government’s revenue raising advantage has helped make money the basis for many of the relations between the national government and state and local government. Carrot and stick approach. Principle method: Grants in Aid. Grants in Aid: The Carrots Defined as: money paid by one level of government to another level of government to be spent for a specific purpose. Have been used to fund projects in: mass transportation health care urban renewal drug rehab housing crime Three types of Grants Categorical- grants given for specific purposes Block- grants given for general purposes Revenue Sharing - grants given with no strings/direction given for its disbursement Two types of categorical grants Formula: those that are distributed according to a formula. Project grants: awarded on a competitive basis through a federal agency The Stick Approach Direct Orders: legal measures adopted by the national government and enforced by civil and criminal penalties that require certain actions by state and local governments. Equal Opportunity Act of 1972: Barred job discrimination by state and local governments on the basis of race, color, religion or national origin. Another Example: Direct Order Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990: requires that local governments see to it that all fixed rate public transportation systems be made accessible to the disabled as well as other new public transportation facilities. The national government passes a law that DIRECTLY requires some action on the part of state and local governments. The Stick: Preemption Preemption is the national government’s removal of an area of authority from state and local governments. Example: Clean Air Act 1990, Amendments in 1989 dealing with hazardous and solid waste, Water Quality Act of 1987. Took away state authority and often imposes costs in form of unfunded mandates. Partial Preemption Occurs when the national government establishes minimum standards in certain areas and authorizes state and local governments to exercise primary responsibility for

Essay About Yourself

Essay About Yourself What Is a Personal Essay? A  personal essay  is a kind of narrative essay where the author tells about a certain life incident or something that has had a significant impact on him or her. It may also speak of a lesson learned, or simply express a point of view on some issue, which was of vital importance to the author. The personal essay appears to be one of the richest and most vibrant of all literary forms. ESSAY ABOUT YOUR GOALS If you are looking for personal essay examples here is a great one below. I think I’m starting to finally figure things out. I have to finish two more years of college to get my degree, and I’ve changed majors too many times: From Journalism to Recreation and Leisure Studies, then Psychology and now English. I’ve been all over the place, doing a lot of soul-searching in between, along with plenty of trial and error. It’s taken three years, but I finally figured it out. I want to major in English to become a writer once I graduate. I don’t care if I’m writing directions on computer software, or creating articles, blogs, essays, books or scripts – it doesn’t matter so long as I’m writing for a living. That’s all that matters to me. It’s what I’m good at, and I know I can make a living out of it. For year’s I’ve pushed aside this urge to write, to create, thinking I wasn’t good enough, that it wasn’t for me. What? Did I think I was Faulkner? I wrote in high school, mostly short stories, and plenty of articles for the school and local  paper. I wrote stories for my family and friends, little stories they would read in their free time. But when I got to college, I was led to believe it a futile journey – the one of the writer. The market for writers in the real world was slim or barely existent, I had been led to believe. So naturally I started off college majoring in something practical, where I could write and still make a living – Journalism. I could learn to write like a journalist, writing stories and doing research, conducting interviews. It seemed like a lot of fun, and I could be someone who could actually get paid to write for a living and not have to be a novelist or short story writer and rely on the consumer to buy my prod uct. Then something amazing happened. My grades were less than stellar that first semester. Journalism grades were fine, but it didn’t interest me enough to pursue for four years. I soon changed majors to Recreation and Leisure Studies where I would work with people who had disabilities, a concentration in that major called Therapeutic Recreation. I did that for a year and a half, that major, working summer jobs that would boost my resume, before transferring to another college. There I would start off studying Psychology – as it, in some ways, pertained to my previous major. I had also taken a Psychology course or two, having done pretty well in the courses. But my grades as a Psychology major were terrible, absolutely awful. I was placed on academic probation. It was late in the game, but I was pretty sure I’d never pass Statistics, which was crucial to completing the course of study for a Psychology degree. So I went to my advisor. They noticed the only A’s I had gotten in college were in English classes, writing and literature courses, I mean. This late in my college career, I thought it was time to just pick something, get my degree and get out of there and start my adult life and working career. I was ready to move out and start things. I was more than ready. It was time to graduate. So I chose to major in English. It was tough explaining this move to my family, but after spending the summer reading poetry and writing and thinking about writing and reading, it made sense. I was a right-brained creative, a person who needed art, breathed art and lived it and reveled in it. Art was part of my life. It made sense to study English, to make the move. I’ve always been a writer at the very core of myself, and it is time to embrace that. I’m glad to have made the change. Now I have a few more courses to complete before graduating next year: There is the 400-level seminar class, required by all the English majors. I have to also take a Shakespeare class, a class in the Romantics, and a creative writing class. All of which seem like a lot of fun. But I’m glad to have finally figured this out. All that is left is to graduate and move on. The college thing was fun, but it has run its course. PERSONAL ESSAY WRITING If you need help with personal essay writing contact our support team or place an order and our professionals will write a winning essay for you.